All marriages which may be or may have been duly solemnised according to the Sikh Marriage ceremony called Anand shall be and shall be deemed to have been with effect from the date of the solemnisation of each respectively good and valid in law.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀThe history of Anand marriage ceremony is traced back to the time of Gurū Amar Dās (1479-1574), who composed the long 40-stanza hymn Anandu, in the Rāmkalī measure, suitable to be sung or recited on all occasions of religious import. His successor, Gurū Rām Dās, composed a four stanza hymn, Lāvāṅ which is recited and sung to solemnize nuptials. During the time of Mahārājā Raṇjīt Siṅgh and his successors, however, this ceremony fell into partial disuse under renewed Brāhmaṇical influence at court as well as in society. The Niraṅkārī reform movement of the mid-19th century made the practice of Anand ceremony a vital plank in its programme as did the later, more widely influential Siṅgh Sabhā. But there was opposition from the Ārya Samājīs and Brāhmaṇ priestly classes, the former anxious to prove that the Sikhs were but a sect of the Hindus and hence subject to Hindu Law, and the latter apprehensive of a reduction in their clientele and income. The Sikh form of wedding ceremonial eventually received legal sanction through the Anand Marriage Act which was adopted in 1909. The ceremony is now universally observed by the Sikhs.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䄀挀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 㰀椀㸀匀椀欀栀 刀愀栀椀琀 䴀愀爀礀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀搀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀Ⰰ 㰀⼀椀㸀 愀 昀漀爀洀愀氀 攀渀最愀最攀洀攀渀琀 漀爀 戀攀琀爀漀琀栀愀氀 瀀爀椀漀爀 琀漀 洀愀爀爀椀愀最攀 椀猀 渀漀琀 愀戀猀漀氀甀琀攀氀礀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 椀昀 琀栀攀 瀀愀爀琀椀攀猀 猀漀 搀攀猀椀爀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 戀攀琀爀漀琀栀愀氀 挀攀爀攀洀漀渀礀 琀愀欀攀猀 瀀氀愀挀攀 甀猀甀愀氀氀礀 愀琀 琀栀攀 戀漀礀✀猀 爀攀猀椀搀攀渀挀攀 眀栀攀爀攀 愀 昀攀眀 渀攀愀爀 爀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 最椀爀氀 最漀 眀椀琀栀 猀漀洀攀 最椀昀琀猀Ⰰ 猀眀攀攀琀猀 愀渀搀 昀爀甀椀琀⸀ 吀栀攀 最椀昀琀猀 洀愀礀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 愀 爀椀渀最 漀爀 㰀椀㸀欀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㜀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 㰀⼀椀㸀愀渀搀 㰀椀㸀欀椀爀瀀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀㰀⼀椀㸀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀猀瀀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 最爀漀漀洀⸀ 吀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 栀愀渀搀攀搀 漀瘀攀爀 琀漀 栀椀洀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 爀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 挀漀氀氀愀琀攀爀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 昀爀椀攀渀搀猀 愀猀猀攀洀戀氀攀搀 甀猀甀愀氀氀礀 椀渀 㰀椀㸀猀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最愀琀㰀⼀椀㸀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 䜀爀愀渀琀栀 匀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀椀戀⸀ 吀栀攀 攀愀琀愀戀氀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 愀 㰀椀㸀挀栀栀甀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀㰀⼀椀㸀 ⠀搀爀椀攀搀 搀愀琀攀⤀ 漀昀 眀栀椀挀栀 琀栀攀 戀漀礀 琀愀欀攀猀 愀 戀椀琀攀 猀椀最渀椀昀礀椀渀最 愀挀挀攀瀀琀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀愀琀挀栀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 最椀昀琀猀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 挀攀爀攀洀漀渀礀 挀漀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 㰀椀㸀猀椀爀瘀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀渀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀㰀⼀椀㸀 ⠀洀漀渀攀礀 眀愀瘀攀搀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 琀栀攀 栀攀愀搀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀漀礀 椀渀 漀昀昀攀爀椀渀最Ⰰ 最椀瘀攀渀 愀眀愀礀 琀栀攀爀攀愀昀琀攀爀 椀渀 挀栀愀爀椀琀礀⤀ 愀渀搀 㰀椀㸀愀爀搀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀猀㰀⼀椀㸀 ⠀氀椀琀甀爀最椀挀愀氀 猀甀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀漀爀礀 瀀爀愀礀攀爀⤀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀActual wedding takes place at the girl's residence. The date of the wedding is set by mutual consultation to suit both parties. Astrological or horoscopic considerations are discountenanced in Sikh calculations. Matters such as the strength of the barāt (the bridegroom's party), timing of arrival and departure, duration of stay, are also decided mutually so that the bride's parents may make suitable arrangements. Before setting out, the bridegroom may go to a gurdwārā to make obeisance and offer ardās before the Gurū Granth Sāhib. On arrival at the house of the girl's parents, the party is received by the girl's parents, relations and friends outside the house with the chanting of hymns of welcome and ardās followed by milnī or for meeting of the two families, customarily restricted to the fathers (or guardians) and maternal uncles of the boy and the girl. Barāt is then escorted inside for refreshments after which anand kāraj takes place either in a gurdwārā or under a marquee in the presence of the Gurū Granth Sāhib. This purely religious part of the proceedings commences with kīrtan, singing of hymns, as the guests and hosts assemble in saṅgat. The couple to be wed sit facing the Gurū Granth Sāhib, the bride on the left of the bridegroom. Any Sikh chosen to conduct the ceremony will officiate. He will say a short opening ardās seeking felicity for the bridegroom and the bride, their respective parents or guardians only standing for this ardās with the rest of the saṅgat remaining seated. The choir will then sing a short hymn from the Gurū Granth Sāhib. Translated, the hymn would read :
㰀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀ऀ䌀愀氀氀 甀瀀漀渀 䜀漀搀 昀漀爀 琀愀猀欀 琀栀漀甀 眀漀甀氀搀猀琀 栀愀瘀攀 愀挀挀漀洀瀀氀椀猀栀攀搀Ⰰ㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀHe will bring the tasks to rights, so witnesseth the Gurū.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀ऀ䤀渀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀瀀愀渀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 栀漀氀礀 琀栀漀甀 猀栀愀氀琀 爀攀樀漀椀挀攀 愀渀搀 琀愀猀琀攀 漀渀氀礀 渀攀挀琀愀爀Ⰰ㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀThou art the demolisher of fear, thou art compassionate, O' Lord,
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀ऀ一☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀愀欀 猀椀渀最攀琀栀 琀栀攀 瀀爀愀椀猀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䤀渀挀漀洀瀀甀琀愀戀氀攀 䰀漀爀搀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ(GG, 91)
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀThe officiant may then give a sermon addressed especially to the couple to be explaining the significance of Sikh marriage and the duties and obligations of husband and wife towards each other and towards their families, community and society in general. Marriage in Sikhism, he tells the couple-to-be, is not merely a civil or social contract but a union of the souls and rests upon mutual love and loyalty, mutual understanding and adjustment. A verse from Gurū Amar Dās, Nānak III, is often quoted : "They are not husband and wife who but sit side by side with each other; only they are truly wedded who personify one single soul in two bodies" (GG, 788).
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䄀昀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 猀攀爀洀漀渀 琀栀攀 最椀爀氀✀猀 昀愀琀栀攀爀 瀀氀愀挀攀猀 漀渀攀 攀渀搀 漀昀 愀 猀挀愀爀昀Ⰰ 甀猀甀愀氀氀礀 猀愀昀昀爀漀渀 漀爀 瀀椀渀欀 椀渀 挀漀氀漀甀爀Ⰰ 椀渀 琀栀攀 最爀漀漀洀✀猀 栀愀渀搀Ⰰ 瀀愀猀猀椀渀最 椀琀 漀瘀攀爀 栀椀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀攀爀 愀渀搀 瀀氀愀挀椀渀最 琀栀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 攀渀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 戀爀椀搀攀✀猀 栀愀渀搀Ⰰ 猀椀最渀椀昀礀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀 栀攀 栀愀搀 攀渀琀爀甀猀琀攀搀 栀攀爀 琀漀 栀椀猀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀ 吀栀攀 洀甀猀椀挀椀愀渀猀 琀栀攀渀 猀椀渀最 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 猀栀漀爀琀 栀礀洀渀㨀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀攀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 䜀爀愀渀琀栀 匀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀椀戀 椀猀 琀栀攀渀 漀瀀攀渀攀搀 愀琀 瀀愀最攀 㜀㜀㌀ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 猀琀愀渀稀愀 漀昀 琀栀攀 㰀椀㸀䰀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀瘀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀㰀⼀椀㸀 焀甀愀爀琀攀琀 椀猀 爀攀愀搀 昀爀漀洀 椀琀⸀ 吀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 猀琀愀渀稀愀 椀猀 琀栀攀渀 猀甀渀最 戀礀 琀栀攀 挀栀漀椀爀 眀栀椀氀攀 琀栀攀 挀漀甀瀀氀攀 猀氀漀眀氀礀 愀渀搀 爀攀瘀攀爀攀渀琀椀愀氀氀礀 挀椀爀挀甀洀愀洀戀甀氀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 䠀漀氀礀 䈀漀漀欀Ⰰ 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 䜀爀愀渀琀栀 匀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀椀戀Ⰰ 挀氀漀挀欀眀椀猀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 戀爀椀搀攀最爀漀漀洀 氀攀愀搀椀渀最 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 戀爀椀搀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最Ⰰ 戀漀琀栀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀椀渀最 琀漀 栀漀氀搀 琀栀攀椀爀 攀渀搀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀挀愀爀昀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀漀甀琀⸀ 吀栀攀礀 戀漀眀 琀漀最攀琀栀攀爀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 琀栀攀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 䜀爀愀渀琀栀 匀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀椀戀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 爀椀猀椀渀最 甀瀀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 挀椀爀挀甀洀愀洀戀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 愀最愀椀渀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 爀攀猀甀洀椀渀最 琀栀攀椀爀 猀攀愀琀猀 漀渀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀椀渀最 椀琀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀 椀猀 爀攀瀀攀愀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 攀愀挀栀 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀攀洀愀椀渀椀渀最 琀栀爀攀攀 猀琀愀渀稀愀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 挀攀爀攀洀漀渀礀 椀猀 挀漀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 挀甀猀琀漀洀愀爀礀 猀椀渀最椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 昀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 栀礀洀渀 漀昀 㰀椀㸀䄀渀愀渀搀甀㰀⼀椀㸀 昀漀氀氀漀眀攀搀 戀礀 㰀椀㸀愀爀搀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀猀Ⰰ 㰀⼀椀㸀 椀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 琀栀攀 眀栀漀氀攀 挀漀渀最爀攀最愀琀椀漀渀 樀漀椀渀猀㬀 㰀椀㸀瘀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀欀㰀⼀椀㸀 漀爀 㰀椀㸀栀甀欀愀洀㰀⼀椀㸀 ⠀爀攀愀搀椀渀最 愀 瘀攀爀猀攀 昀爀漀洀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 䜀爀愀渀琀栀 匀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀椀戀 漀瀀攀渀攀搀 愀琀 爀愀渀搀漀洀⤀ 椀猀 琀栀攀渀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀搀 愀渀搀 㰀椀㸀䬀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㜀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀瀀爀愀猀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀搀Ⰰ 㰀⼀椀㸀 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀 猀愀挀爀愀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀPraise and slander have I all ceased to relish, O Nānak,
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀ऀ䘀愀氀猀攀Ⰰ 䤀 挀漀甀渀琀 愀氀氀 漀琀栀攀爀 爀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀栀椀瀀猀Ⰰ㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀTo the fold of Thy fabric am I now affianced.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀 ⠀䜀䜀Ⰰ 㤀㘀㌀⤀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
Translated into English the Lāvāṅ quartet or the Sikh epithalamium would read:
㰀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀⸀ 䈀礀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 渀甀瀀琀椀愀氀 挀椀爀挀甀椀琀椀渀最㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀThe Lord showeth ye His
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀伀爀搀椀渀愀渀挀攀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 搀愀椀氀礀 搀甀琀椀攀猀 漀昀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀwedded life:
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀攀 匀挀爀椀瀀琀甀爀攀猀 愀爀攀 琀栀攀 圀漀爀搀 漀昀 琀栀攀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀLord,
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䰀攀愀爀渀 爀椀最栀琀攀漀甀猀渀攀猀猀Ⰰ 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀洀Ⰰ㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀAnd the Lord will free yefrom sin.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䠀漀氀搀 昀愀猀琀 琀漀 爀椀最栀琀攀漀甀猀渀攀猀猀Ⰰ㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀContemplate the Name of the Lord,
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䘀椀砀椀渀最 椀琀 椀渀 礀漀甀爀 洀攀洀漀爀礀 愀猀 琀栀攀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀscriptures have prescribed.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䐀攀瘀漀琀攀 礀漀甀爀猀攀氀瘀攀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 倀攀爀昀攀挀琀 愀渀搀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀTrue Gurū.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䄀渀搀 愀氀氀 礀漀甀爀 猀椀渀猀 猀栀愀氀氀 搀攀瀀愀爀琀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀFortunate are those whose minds
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䄀爀攀 椀洀戀甀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 猀眀攀攀琀渀攀猀猀 漀昀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀHis Name,
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀漀 琀栀攀洀 栀愀瀀瀀椀渀攀猀猀 挀漀洀攀猀 眀椀琀栀ⴀ㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀout effort;
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀攀 猀氀愀瘀攀 一☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀愀欀 瀀爀漀挀氀愀椀洀攀琀栀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀThat in the first circling
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀攀 洀愀爀爀椀愀最攀 爀椀琀攀 栀愀琀栀 戀攀最甀渀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ2. By the second nuptial
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀挀椀爀挀甀洀愀洀戀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀYe are to understand that the
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䰀漀爀搀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀHath caused ye to meet the True
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀Ⰰ㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀThe fear in your hearts has
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀搀攀瀀愀爀琀攀搀㬀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀThe filth of selfness in your minds
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀椀猀 眀愀猀栀攀搀 愀眀愀礀Ⰰ㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀBy having the fear of God and by
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀猀椀渀最椀渀最 䠀椀猀 瀀爀愀椀猀攀猀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀI stand before Him with reverence,
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀攀 䰀漀爀搀 䜀漀搀 椀猀 琀栀攀 猀漀甀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀuniverse!
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 渀愀甀最栀琀 琀栀愀琀 䠀攀 搀漀琀栀 渀漀琀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀpervade.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀圀椀琀栀椀渀 甀猀 愀渀搀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀOne God only;
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䤀渀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀瀀愀渀礀 漀昀 猀愀椀渀琀猀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀThen are heard the songs of
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀爀攀樀漀椀挀椀渀最⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀThe slave Nānak proclaimeth
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀愀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀攀挀漀渀搀 挀椀爀挀氀椀渀最㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀDivine Music is heard.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㌀⸀ 䤀渀 琀栀攀 琀栀椀爀搀 爀漀甀渀搀愀戀漀甀琀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀThere is a longing for the Lord
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䄀渀搀 搀攀琀愀挀栀洀攀渀琀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀氀搀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀIn the company of the saints,
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䈀礀 漀甀爀 最爀攀愀琀 最漀漀搀 昀漀爀琀甀渀攀Ⰰ㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀWe encounter the Lord.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀攀 䰀漀爀搀 椀猀 昀漀甀渀搀 椀渀 䠀椀猀 瀀甀爀椀琀礀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀThrough His exaltation,
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 猀椀渀最椀渀最 漀昀 䠀椀猀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀhymns.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䈀礀 最爀攀愀琀 最漀漀搀 昀漀爀琀甀渀攀 眀攀 栀愀瘀攀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀrisen.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䤀渀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀瀀愀渀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀愀椀渀琀猀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀWherein is told the story
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀伀昀 琀栀攀 䤀渀攀昀昀愀戀氀攀 䰀漀爀搀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀThe Holy Name echoes in the
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀栀攀愀爀琀 㨀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀEchoes and absorbs us.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀圀攀 爀攀瀀攀愀琀 琀栀攀 一愀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䰀漀爀搀Ⰰ㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀBeing blessed by a fortunate destiny
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀圀爀椀琀琀攀渀 昀爀漀洀 漀昀 漀氀搀 漀渀 漀甀爀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀforeheads.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀攀 猀氀愀瘀攀 一☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀愀欀 瀀爀漀挀氀愀椀洀攀琀栀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀThat in the third circling
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀攀 氀漀瘀攀 漀昀 䜀漀搀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 愀眀愀欀攀渀攀搀 椀渀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀthe heart.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㐀⸀ 䤀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀甀爀琀栀 眀愀氀欀ⴀ愀爀漀甀渀搀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀThe mind reaches to knowledge
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀漀昀 琀栀攀 䐀椀瘀椀渀攀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀAnd God is innerly grasped:
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 䜀爀愀挀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀWe have attained with ease to the
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䰀漀爀搀㬀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀThe sweetness of the Beloved
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀倀攀爀瘀愀搀攀猀 甀猀Ⰰ 戀漀搀礀 愀渀搀 猀漀甀氀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀDear and pleasing is the Lord to
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀甀猀㨀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀNight and day our minds are fixed on Him.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䈀礀 攀砀愀氀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 䰀漀爀搀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀWe have attained the Lord:
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀攀 昀爀甀椀琀 漀甀爀 栀攀愀爀琀猀 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀㬀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀThe Beloved has finished His
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀眀漀爀欀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀThe soul, the spouse, delighteth in the Beloved's Name.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䘀攀氀椀挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀猀 昀椀氀氀 漀甀爀 洀椀渀搀猀㬀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀThe Name rings in our hearts:
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀攀 䰀漀爀搀 䜀漀搀 椀猀 甀渀椀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 䠀椀猀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀHoly Bride.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀攀 栀攀愀爀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䈀爀椀搀攀 昀氀漀眀攀爀猀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀwith His Name.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀攀 猀琀愀瘀攀 一☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀愀欀 瀀爀漀挀氀愀椀洀攀琀栀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀThat in the fourth circling
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀圀攀 栀愀瘀攀 昀漀甀渀搀 琀栀攀 䔀琀攀爀渀愀氀 䰀漀爀搀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ(GG, 773-74)
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀThis is the religious part of the ceremony. Behind it and ahead lies a whole labyrinth of spectacular custom and rite. The dual sources of significance of Sikh marriage as an institution are : first, the doctrinal rules of the Sikh religious community, which are a few in number but universal in scope and intent; and second, the traditional usages or customs of the Punjabi ethno-linguistic community which are very many but confined to a particular social structure and associated with a particular territory or locality. The prescribed marriage ritual, the anand kāraj, is an expression of the basic principles of the faith. It was first given statutory recognition and thus officially and legally distinguished from the observances sanctioned under Hindu Customary Law, by the Anand Marriage Act of 1909. According to Sikh rules, religious endogamy is essential, but not endogamy within the caste or sub-caste group. Though customary rules of exogamy are held to prohibit the marriage of near consanguines, the precise position in this matter is difficult to determine and no ruling on this question is included in the Sikh code of conduct. Broadly speaking, the marriage of a person within his or her own gotra (sub-caste) is not permissible. There is a customarily sanctioned prejudice against a woman marrying her husband's younger brother. But all such prohibitions are of social rather than of religious nature.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀匀甀挀栀 瀀爀愀挀琀椀挀攀猀 愀猀 琀栀攀 琀礀椀渀最 漀昀 栀攀愀搀ⴀ戀愀渀搀猀Ⰰ 爀椀琀甀愀氀猀 搀攀瀀椀挀琀椀渀最 愀渀挀攀猀琀漀爀ⴀ眀漀爀猀栀椀瀀Ⰰ 瀀爀攀琀攀渀搀攀搀 猀甀氀欀椀渀最 漀爀 猀愀搀渀攀猀猀Ⰰ 猀椀渀最椀渀最 戀礀 瀀爀漀昀攀猀猀椀漀渀愀氀 搀愀渀挀椀渀最ⴀ最椀爀氀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 搀爀椀渀欀椀渀最 漀昀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀Ⰰ 戀甀爀渀椀渀最 漀昀 猀漀ⴀ挀愀氀氀攀搀 猀愀挀爀攀搀 昀椀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 猀甀瀀攀爀猀琀椀琀椀漀渀猀 搀攀爀椀瘀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 漀氀搀 爀攀氀椀最椀漀甀猀 瀀爀愀挀琀椀挀攀猀 愀爀攀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀氀礀 挀漀渀琀爀愀爀礀 琀漀 匀椀欀栀 戀攀氀椀攀昀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀIn some parts ṭhākā is followed by another ceremony generally called chunnī chaṛhauṇā (the offering of the head scarf). In this ceremony the boy's parents send for the girl garments and gifts including a red thread (lāl parāndī) for plaiting the hair, a suite of clothes, some ornaments and cash. Before the marriage, a final engagement ceremony, known as shagan, kuṛmāī or maṅgaṇī takes place at the home of the boy's parents, when gifts are given by the girl's parents to the boy and to his close cognates. A chhuhārā (dried date) is offered to the boy by his would-be father-in-law or his representatives to eat for which reason the ceremony is called in some parts chhuhārā lauṇā. The maṅgaṇī can precede anand kāraj by months, even years, especially when the boy and the girl get engaged at a very young age.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䄀 猀攀爀椀攀猀 漀昀 爀椀琀攀猀 琀愀欀攀猀 瀀氀愀挀攀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀攀氀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 栀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀愀爀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀漀礀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 最椀爀氀 栀攀爀愀氀搀椀渀最 渀甀瀀琀椀愀氀猀⸀ 㰀椀㸀䴀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀攀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀 瀀愀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀㰀⼀椀㸀 椀猀 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 漀昀 猀攀挀氀甀猀椀漀渀 昀爀漀洀 欀椀渀搀爀攀搀 愀渀搀 漀甀琀猀椀搀攀爀猀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 戀漀礀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 最椀爀氀 昀漀爀 漀渀攀 琀漀 琀栀爀攀攀 搀愀礀猀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 琀栀攀 洀愀爀爀椀愀最攀⸀ 吀栀攀 戀爀椀搀攀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 最爀漀漀洀 爀攀昀爀愀椀渀 昀爀漀洀 戀愀琀栀椀渀最 漀爀 挀栀愀渀最椀渀最 琀栀攀椀爀 挀氀漀琀栀攀猀⸀ 䐀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀椀猀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 漀昀 爀椀琀甀愀氀 猀攀挀氀甀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 最椀爀氀 椀猀 渀漀琀 琀漀 甀猀攀 漀爀渀愀洀攀渀琀猀 漀爀 挀漀猀洀攀琀椀挀猀㬀 洀愀渀甀愀氀 眀漀爀欀 漀爀 最漀椀渀最 漀甀琀 愀氀漀渀攀 椀猀 愀氀猀漀 渀漀琀 瀀攀爀洀椀琀琀攀搀⸀ 匀椀渀最椀渀最 漀昀 猀漀渀最猀 戀礀 眀漀洀攀渀昀漀氀欀 猀琀愀爀琀猀 愀 搀愀礀Ⰰ 漀爀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 搀愀礀猀Ⰰ 戀攀昀漀爀攀 琀栀攀 眀攀搀搀椀渀最 挀攀爀攀洀漀渀礀 愀琀 琀栀攀 栀漀洀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 最椀爀氀✀猀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀漀礀✀猀 瀀愀爀攀渀琀猀⸀ 匀漀渀最猀 洀漀猀琀氀礀 昀爀漀洀 倀甀渀樀愀戀椀 昀漀氀欀氀漀爀攀 愀爀攀 猀甀渀最 琀漀 琀栀攀 愀挀挀漀洀瀀愀渀椀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 愀 㰀椀㸀☀⌀㜀㘀㤀㌀栀漀氀愀欀㰀⼀椀㸀 漀爀 搀爀甀洀⸀ 吀栀攀 猀漀渀最猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 最爀漀漀洀 愀爀攀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 㰀椀㸀最栀漀☀⌀㜀㜀㜀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀㰀⼀椀㸀 愀渀搀 琀栀漀猀攀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 戀爀椀搀攀 㰀椀㸀猀甀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀最⸀ 㰀⼀椀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀOn the eve of the day of marriage, the bride and the groom take the ritual bath which is called khāre chaṛhnā, ascending the (bathing) basket. This is essentially a rite of purification following the state of seclusion. After the bath, both the boy and the girl put on new clothes specially prepared for the occasion. Generally these clothes are given by the respective nānake, that is, their maternal kin group. The nānake give gifts to the girl called nānakī chhakk. These may consist of ivory bangles, a nose ring, a suite of clothes, or a set of ornaments and some household utensils and articles. The gifts may include clothes for the bride's parents and siblings. Gifts from the maternal kin group are also given to the boy. These include clothes for the groom himself, for his parents and siblings and for his mother's brother.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀匀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 挀攀爀攀洀漀渀椀攀猀 琀愀欀攀 瀀氀愀挀攀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 琀栀攀 最爀漀漀洀 猀攀琀猀 漀昀昀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 戀爀椀搀攀✀猀 栀漀洀攀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 眀攀搀搀椀渀最 瀀愀爀琀礀⸀ 䄀昀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 㰀椀㸀愀爀搀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀猀㰀⼀椀㸀 椀猀 爀攀挀椀琀攀搀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 戀漀礀✀猀 猀椀猀琀攀爀 琀椀攀猀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 栀椀猀 栀攀愀搀 愀 挀椀爀挀氀攀琀 眀椀琀栀 愀 瀀氀甀洀攀 愀渀搀 最椀氀搀攀搀 猀琀爀椀渀最猀 栀愀渀最椀渀最 椀渀 昀爀漀渀琀 漀昀 栀椀猀 昀愀挀攀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 椀猀 琀栀攀 最爀漀漀洀✀猀 挀爀漀眀渀 漀爀 㰀椀㸀猀椀栀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀⸀ 匀椀爀瘀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀渀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀㰀⼀椀㸀 ⠀漀昀昀攀爀椀渀最 漀昀 洀漀渀攀礀 漀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀 栀攀愀搀 漀昀 琀栀攀 最爀漀漀洀⤀ 椀猀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀攀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 洀漀渀攀礀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 愀洀漀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀漀漀爀⸀ 䄀 猀椀猀琀攀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 最爀漀漀洀Ⰰ 琀漀 琀栀攀 愀挀挀漀洀瀀愀渀椀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 猀漀渀最猀Ⰰ 戀爀愀椀搀猀 琀栀攀 洀愀爀攀✀猀 爀攀椀渀猀 眀椀琀栀 爀攀搀 琀栀爀攀愀搀 ⠀㰀椀㸀洀愀甀氀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀㰀⼀椀㸀⤀㬀 愀 戀爀漀琀栀攀爀✀猀 眀椀昀攀 瀀甀琀猀 戀氀愀挀欀 愀渀琀椀洀漀渀礀 瀀漀眀搀攀爀 ⠀㰀椀㸀猀甀爀洀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀㰀⼀椀㸀⤀ 椀渀 栀椀猀 攀礀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀渀Ⰰ 眀栀攀渀 愀氀氀 椀猀 爀攀愀搀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 洀愀爀攀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 昀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 戀愀爀氀攀礀 愀渀搀 最爀愀洀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 戀漀礀✀猀 猀椀猀琀攀爀 猀攀椀稀攀猀 琀栀攀 爀攀椀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀愀爀攀 愀渀搀 搀攀洀愀渀搀猀 最椀昀琀 昀爀漀洀 栀攀爀 戀爀漀琀栀攀爀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 愀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 栀椀洀 琀漀 瀀爀漀挀攀攀搀⸀ 吀栀攀 最爀漀漀洀 最椀瘀攀猀 猀漀洀攀 洀漀渀攀礀 琀漀 愀氀氀 栀椀猀 猀椀猀琀攀爀猀㬀 琀栀椀猀 椀猀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 㰀椀㸀瘀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀最 瀀栀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㜀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀㰀⼀椀㸀 ⠀栀漀氀搀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀攀椀渀猀⤀⸀ 䄀猀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀漀渀 猀琀愀爀琀猀 愀 礀漀甀渀最攀爀 戀爀漀琀栀攀爀 漀爀 渀攀瀀栀攀眀 漀昀 琀栀攀 最爀漀漀洀Ⰰ 愀挀琀椀渀最 愀猀 戀攀猀琀 洀愀渀 ⠀㰀椀㸀猀愀爀瘀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀氀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀㰀⼀椀㸀⤀ 椀猀 猀攀愀琀攀搀 戀攀栀椀渀搀 栀椀洀 漀渀 琀栀攀 洀愀爀攀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀBefore the groom departs with the bride, first the groom's party and then the bride's take lunch; the bride eats food provided by her parents-in-law and this is known as sauhariāṅ dī roṭī. As the bride is about to leave her home, her mother, female relatives and close friends came out to see her off. The band breaks into farewell songs. The bride and the groom leave together for the home of the latter's parents. The bride is usually accompanied by a younger brother, or traditionally, by the village barber's wife. This ceremony of the departure of the bride from her parents' home is known as ḍolī, a word denoting the litter which was formerly used as transport for the couple; nowadays a decorated car is usually provided for this purpose. As the car or carriage starts off, the father of the groom showers small coins over it, thus expressing his happiness over the successful conclusion of the ceremony. A basket of sweets (bhājī) , to be distributed to the groom's kin and friends, is sent along with the bride.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀攀 挀漀甀瀀氀攀 椀猀 挀攀爀攀洀漀渀椀愀氀氀礀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀搀 愀琀 琀栀攀 攀渀琀爀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 最爀漀漀洀✀猀 昀愀洀椀氀礀 栀漀甀猀攀⸀ 吀栀攀渀 昀漀氀氀漀眀猀 琀栀攀 爀椀琀甀愀氀 漀昀 甀渀挀漀瘀攀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 戀爀椀搀攀✀猀 昀愀挀攀 ⠀㰀椀㸀洀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀栀 瘀椀欀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀㰀⼀椀㸀⤀ 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀攀洀愀氀攀 欀椀渀Ⰰ 昀爀椀攀渀搀猀 愀渀搀 渀攀椀最栀戀漀甀爀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 最爀漀漀洀⸀ 吀栀攀 戀爀椀搀攀 椀猀 昀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 挀漀漀欀攀搀 㰀椀㸀搀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀㰀⼀椀㸀 愀渀搀 爀椀挀攀 ⠀㰀椀㸀欀栀椀挀栀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㜀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀㰀⼀椀㸀⤀ 猀椀最渀椀昀礀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀 猀栀攀 栀愀猀 戀攀挀漀洀攀 愀 洀攀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 栀攀爀 栀甀猀戀愀渀搀✀猀 栀漀甀猀攀栀漀氀搀⸀ 匀栀攀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀猀 栀攀爀 瘀攀椀氀 愀渀搀 漀昀昀攀爀猀 漀戀攀椀猀愀渀挀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 猀攀渀椀漀爀 眀漀洀攀渀 欀椀渀 眀栀漀 最椀瘀攀 栀攀爀 最椀昀琀猀 漀昀 洀漀渀攀礀 愀昀琀攀爀 㰀椀㸀猀椀爀瘀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀渀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀㰀⼀椀㸀 ⠀爀攀瘀漀氀瘀椀渀最 洀漀渀攀礀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 琀栀攀 栀攀愀搀⤀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀThe custom of giving a reception by the groom's parents is becoming popular in urban society. The reception is held after the marriage ceremony. Close kin and friends of both families are invited. A day or two later the bride usually returns to her parental home. Only after the groom fetches her from there for the second time, may the marriage be consummated. This second trip is called muklāvā. On this occasion and on her subsequent visits to her parents' home, her parents give her gifts of clothes and ornaments. The word dāj denotes the gifts given at the time of the marriage to their daughter and to the groom's parents by the bride's parents. The gifts given to the bride by the groom's parents are called varī. Besides, giving the dowry, consisting of all the things that the bride will need to set up a household - clothes, ornaments, utensils, furniture and beddings - the bride's parents undertake expenses on the marriage ceremony, feasting, illuminations, etc. All this is not to be taken as constituting the Sikh marriage, but is the general practice in Punjabi society. Sikh reformers since the emergence of the Siṅgh Sabhā have been urging simple and inexpensive marriages strictly in accord with the spirit of the anand ceremony.
㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀഀ䈀䤀䈀䰀䤀伀䜀刀䄀倀䠀夀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀㰀漀氀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀㰀椀㸀匀椀欀栀 刀愀栀椀琀 䴀愀爀礀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀搀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀⸀ 㰀⼀椀㸀 䄀洀爀椀琀猀愀爀Ⰰ 㤀㜀㔀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀 䨀漀最攀渀搀爀愀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀匀椀欀栀 䌀攀爀攀洀漀渀椀攀猀⸀ 㰀⼀椀㸀 䌀栀愀渀搀椀最愀爀栀Ⰰ 㤀㘀㠀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀 䌀漀氀攀Ⰰ 圀⸀ 伀眀攀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 倀椀愀爀愀 匀椀渀最栀 匀愀洀戀栀椀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀吀栀攀 匀椀欀栀猀 㨀 吀栀攀椀爀 刀攀氀椀最椀漀甀猀 䈀攀氀椀攀昀猀 愀渀搀 倀爀愀挀琀椀挀攀猀⸀ 㰀⼀椀㸀 䐀攀氀栀椀Ⰰ 㤀㜀㠀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
J. P. S. Uberoi
Teenā Hazoorīā
Noel Q. King
㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀഀ